Pablo Picasso

Born 1881. Died 1973.
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P ablo Picasso was one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, whose groundbreaking work continues to captivate collectors and institutions worldwide. Discover his biography, pioneering cubist style and iconic works.


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Pablo Picasso Biography

Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, and ceramicist whose career reshaped the trajectory of modern art. Best known as the co-founder of Cubism and for his enduring innovations across style and media, Picasso created over 20,000 works in his lifetime. His artistic journey evolved through distinct periods—from the emotionally charged Blue Period to the delicate palette of his Rose Period, the geometric breakthroughs of Cubism, and his later ceramic works that reflected a lifelong spirit of experimentation.

Picasso’s ability to reinvent visual language made him one of the most sought-after artists at auction. Sotheby’s has presented hundreds of his works across categories—from early drawings and paintings to sculpture and editions—cementing his legacy with collectors worldwide. His iconic painting Femme à la montre achieved a record price of $139 million at Sotheby’s in 2023, underscoring the enduring demand for his masterpieces.

Beyond painting, Picasso produced a vast range of prints, drawings, and ceramics, many of which have become coveted collector pieces. His art spans movements, countries, and decades, capturing everything from intimate portraits to bold political statements like Guernica.

Today, Picasso’s work is held in major museum collections around the world and continues to be a cornerstone of the global art market. At Sotheby’s, new Picasso works for sale appear regularly in our Impressionist and Modern art auctions, offering collectors rare access to pieces by one of the most influential figures in art history.

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Frequently Asked Questions: Learn more about Pablo Picasso

  • Who was Pablo Picasso?
    Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, and one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. He co-founded the Cubist movement, revolutionized modern art with groundbreaking styles like the Blue and Rose Periods, and produced over 20,000 works across painting, drawing, sculpture, ceramics, and more.
  • What is Pablo Picasso famous for?
    Picasso is best known for co-creating Cubism with Georges Braque and for masterpieces such as Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) and Guernica (1937). His work broke traditional rules of perspective and representation, shaping modern and contemporary art worldwide.
  • What are the main periods of Picasso’s art?
    Art historians often divide his career into distinct phases:

    • Blue Period (1901–1904): somber blue tones reflecting poverty and melancholy.
    • Rose Period (1904–1906): warmer pink and orange hues with circus themes.
    • African Art & Proto-Cubism (1907–1909): influenced by African sculpture.
    • Cubism (1909–1919): fragmented forms and multiple viewpoints.
    • Neoclassical & Surrealist phases (1920s–1930s): classical figures and dreamlike distortions.
    • Later works (1940s–1973): experimentation with ceramics, sculpture, and reinterpretations of Old Masters.
  • What is Picasso’s most famous painting?
    While opinions vary, Guernica (1937) is widely considered his most famous. This monumental black-and-white canvas depicts the bombing of the Basque town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War and stands as a universal anti-war symbol. Other iconic works include Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, Girl Before a Mirror, and The Weeping Woman.
  • How many artworks did Pablo Picasso create?
    Estimates suggest Picasso produced over 20,000 artworks in his lifetime, including paintings, drawings, sculptures, ceramics, prints, and textiles—more than almost any major artist in history. His prolific output makes him one of the most collected and studied artists today.

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Artist Image: © The Estate of Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris 2018 / © The Cecil Beaton Studio Archive at Sotheby’s